The number of kernels to be kept before the package manager erases them is configurable in the /etc/dnf/dnf.conf or /etc/yum.conf files. By default, three kernels are kept–the newest and two previous–when yum or dnf are used to perform upgrades. Many times, booting to an older kernel can circumvent issues such as these. I have found this to be a very useful tool because there have been many instances that I have encountered problems with an application or system service that fails with a particular kernel version. GRUB supports multiple Linux kernels and allows the user to select between them at boot time using a menu. Once the kernel takes over, GRUB has done its job and it is no longer needed. Its function is to take over from BIOS at boot time, load itself, load the Linux kernel into memory, and then turn over execution to the kernel. GRUB stands for GRand Unified Bootloader. This article provides a quick introduction to configuring GRUB2, which I will mostly refer to as GRUB for simplicity. When researching my article from last month, An introduction to the Linux boot and startup process, I became interested in learning more about GRUB2.
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